SUBJUNCTIVE
I. PEMAHAMAN KONSEP
Apa yang digambarkan pola kalimat subjunctive selalu bertentangan dengan fakta (contrary to the fact)
Kalimat Subjunctive ditandai oleh:
- wish
- would rather
- if only
- as if / as though
A. Subjunctive dengan ‘WISH’
Pola I:
S1 + wish + (that) + S2 + VII/ed + O
Pola ini menggambarkan harapan (hope) / penyesalan (regret) atas fakta sekarang
Contoh:
1. Fact : Ratna doesn’t go to school
Subjunctive : Ratna wishes she went to school
2. Fact : My father isn’t rich. My father is rich, but he doesn’t have time to meet me or to listen to what I do every day
Subjunctive : I wish my father were rich. I wish my father were not rich
3. Subjunctive : I wish I could speak English well
Fact : I am sorry that I can’t speak English well
4. Subjunctive : Mother wishes I helped her everyday
Fact : Mother regrets that I don’t help her everyday
When we were in traffic jam:
5. Subjunctive : I wish I could fly
Fact : I can not fly
6. Subjunctive : I wish it were cool
Fact : It is not cool/ It is very hot
7. Subjunctive : I wish I went home
Fact : I don’t go home
8. Subjunctive : We wish we could eat lunch now
Fact : We can not eat lunch
9. Subjunctive : Henry wishes he were handsome
Fact : He is not handsome
10. Subjunctive: Radika wishes he were a girl
Fact : Radika is not a girl
I wish I were rich
I am not rich
I wish I had money
I don’t have money
Radika wishes he had a dress
Radika doesn’t have a dress
When there is a big flood: I wish I lived on highland
When we are in near a lake, the day is very hot. All of our friends are swimming in the lake, so I will say: I wish I could swim, in fact I can not swim.
Pola II:
S1 + wish + (that) + S2 + had + VIII/ed + O
Pola ini menggambarkan harapan di masa lampau atau penyesalan (regret) atas fakta lampau
Contoh :
1. Fact : John didn’t see the good film last night
Subjunctive : John wishes he had seen the good film last night
2. Fact : Anne wasn’t at home yesterday
Subjunctive : Father wished Anne had been at home yesterday
3. Subjunctive : I wished I had attended the meeting last night
Means : I was sorry that I didn’t attend the meeting last night
4. Subjunctive : We wish you had been at the party last week
Means : We regret that you weren’t at the party last week
5. Subjunctive : I wish I could have played piano when I was a child
Means : I could not play piano when I was a child
B. SUBJUNCTIVE dengan ‘WOULD RATHER’
Pola I:
S1 + would rather + (that) + S2 + VII/ed + O
Pola ini menggambarkan pilihan (preference) yang bertentangan dengan fakta sekarang
Contoh:
1. Fact : John loves Mary very much
Subjunctive : Mother would rather John didn’t love Mary
(Mother would rather John loved Jennifer)
2. Fact : Father is in Jakarta now
Subjunctive : Anne would rather father weren’t in Jakarta now
(Anne would rather father were at home, because it is her birthday now)
Pola II:
S1 + would rather + (that) + S2 + had + VIII/ed + O
Pola ini menggambarkan pilihan (preference) yang bertentangan dengan fakta lampau
Contoh:
1. Fact : The man visited me yesterday
Subjunctive : I’d rather the man hadn’t visited me yesterday
(I’d rather the man had visited me the day before yesterday)
2. Fact : Mother was at the market when father arrived at home
Subjunctive : We’d rather mother had not been at the market when father arrived at home
(We’d rather mother had been at home when father arrived)
C. SUBJUNCTIVE dengan ‘IF ONLY’
Pola 1:
If only + S + VII/ed + O
Pola ini menggambarkan penyesalan (regret) atas fakta sekarang
Contoh:
1. Fact : I don’t have any money today, so I can’t pay my school fee
Subjunctive : If only I had some money, I could pay my school fee
2. Fact : I am not a beautiful girl, so I can’t participate the beauty contest
Subjunctive : If only I were a beautiful girl, I could participate the beauty contest
3. Subjunctive : If only my mother were here
Means : I am sorry that my mother isn’t here
4. Subjunctive : If only I could speak Dutch well
Means : I regret that I can’t speak Dutch well
Pola II:
If only + S + had + VIII/ed + O
Pola ini menggambarkan penyesalan (regret) atas fakta lampau
Contoh:
1. Fact : I didn’t have any money yesterday, so I couldn’t go to the movie
Subjunctive : If only I had had some money yesterday, I could have gone to the movie
2. Fact : My father was poor when I was a child, so he didn’t send me to the favorite elementary
school
Subjunctive : If only my father had not been poor when I was a child, he would have sent me to the
favorite elementary school.
D. SUBJUNCTIVE dengan ‘AS IF / AS THOUGH’
Pola I:
SA 1 + VI + as if / as though + S2 + VII/ed + O
SB VS
Pola ini menggambarkan seseorang yang se olah-olah bertindak/berlaku seperti oaring lain atas fakta masa sekarang
Contoh:
1. Fact : Dodon doesn’t know anything about Jakarta
Subjunctive : Dodon speaks as if he knew everything about Jakarta
2. Fact : Basri isn’t the owner of the shop
Subjunctive : Basri sometimes acts as though he were the owner of the shop
Pola II:
S1 + VII/ed + as if / as though + S2 + had + VIII/ed + O
Pola ini menggambarkan seseorang yang se olah-olah bertindak/berlaku seperti oaring lain atas fakta masa lampau
Contoh:
1. Fact : Mira didn’t see a ghost last night
Subjunctive : Mira looked afraid as if she had seen a ghost last night
2. Fact : Harry wasn’t able to solve the difficult problem
Subjunctive : Harry came to the white board as though he had been able to solve the problem
NOW YOUR TURN TO DO THESE EXERCISES
A. For each of the following fact/situation, make an appropriate sentence using “Wish construction”
01.Ruli knew everyone in this room. But he entered the room as if he …
02.I asked the boy about his father who died yesterday, then he cried. I wished I …
03.Rita doesn’t want to take medicine, so she doesn’t get better soon. If only Rita …
04.Surya didn’t send any letter to us when he was abroad. We’d rather Surya …
05.Ricky isn’t a hard working boy. His father wishes he …
B. What do the following sentences mean?
01.I wish I had heard that Rudi had moved in Bali. It means that …
02.If only my brother had accompanied me last night. This sentence means …
03.When asked by his father, Rudi explains as if he always studied. The real fact is …
04.I’d rather my brother studied in the University. It means …
05.I wish I always had much money. It means …
C. Select the best alternative.
01.‘Did you get a compensation for your car?’ ‘No, I didn’t. If only …insured it’
a. I would b. I have c. I d. I had e. I didn’t
02. ‘I am sorry I don’t know the answer, but I really wish I …’
a. know b. knew c. have known d. had known e. will know
03.She went to the blackboard as if she had known how to solve the problem
The underlined words mean …the problem
a. she actually couldn’t solve d. she should know how to solve
b. she ought to know how to solve e. she increased in solving
c. she definitely knew how to solve
04.I wish you … to stay at home because I’m sure you would have enjoyed the concert
very much.
a. didn’t have b. hadn’t had c. hadn’t d. don’t have e. haven’t had
05.I would rather he talked to me about his problem.
It means : He … to me about his problem.
a. talks b. talked c. doesn’t talk d. is talked e. didn’t talk
06.Azhar : ‘You look tired, Septa! Something is wrong with you?’
Septa : ‘Yes, I feel unwell, I wish I hadn’t worked so hard’
The underlined sentence means ‘Septa …hard’.
a. works b. worked c. didn’t work d. doesn’t work e. hadn’t worked
07.She smiled at me. She didn’t know me before.
She smiled at me as if …me before
a. she knows c. she didn’t know d. she doesn’t know
b. she knew e. she had known
08.I wish I heard the news about Andy’s being sent to the hospital.
From this sentence we know that the speaker …
a. knew that Andy was hospitalized d. had heard the news but didn’t visit Andy
b. had visited Andy in the hospital e. visited Andy when he knew Andy was
c. didn’t know that Andy was hospitalized
09.Bill has been working for this book store for many years, and now he acts as if he
were the owner.
From this sentence we may conclude that …
a. Bill is an honest man d. Bill is not the owner of the store
b. Bill has become a rich man e. Bill is the one whom the owner trusts
c. Bill is a share holder
10. ‘She wishes she hadn’t forgotten her promise’. This means that …her promise
a. she tried not forget c. she forgot d. she would forget
b. she did not forget e. she could not forget
11.I am sorry I can not go to the airport to see your mother off.
I wish I … to work overtime tonight.
a. wouldn’t have c. won’t have e. don’t have
b. haven’t had d. hadn’t had
12. “Please give me some money” “Well, I would if only I … it”
a. don’t have b. didn’t have c. had had d. hadn’t had e. had
13. “Can I have my breakfast on the floor with the cat, mother?”
“No, I’d rather you … on the table”
a. sat b. are sitting c. sit d. should sit e. had sat
14. “I wish I hadn’t asked the little child about his father”
It means “I …the little child about his father”
a. ask b. asked c. don’t ask d. had asked e. am not asked
15. “I am sorry that I went to the movie alone last night”
In other words: “…… last night”
a. I wish my boy friend had accompanied me to go to the movie.
b. I wish I had gone to the movie alone.
c. I wish I went to the movie alone.
d. If only my boy friend had gone to the movie alone.
e. If only my boy friend hadn’t accompanied me to go to the movie.
16.Corry fails in the entrance test of the state University because she can’t solve the
English problems. Now she often says to herself: “If only I …the English problems, I
would succeed in the test.”
a. can solve c. could solve e. had been able to solve
b. couldn’t solve d. am able to solve
17.John : Why are you angry with Mary?
Jean : She treats me as though I were her servant.
From the dialogue we know that …
a. Jean is Mary’s servant d. I am not a servant
b. John is Mary’s servant e. Jean is not Mary’s servant
c. Mary is a servant
18.She wanted to travel around the world as if she …
a. didn’t have much money d. had had much money
b. has much money e. were rich
c. is rich
D. Supply a suitable tense of the verbs in brackets
01. I wish I (know) his name
02. It’s time we all (go) home
03. I’d rather you (go) now
04. It’s about time you (get) the tea ready
05. Don’t you wish you (come) earlier?
06. Suppose I (get) there late!
07. He acts as if he (know) English perfectly
08. Would to God you (be) a better husband to me!
09. If only he (not eat) so much garlic!
10. If only he (not eat) so much garlic last night!
11. I would have helped you if I (hear) about your trouble
12. A person who (refuse) to eat would be dead in a month
13. I’d rather you (pay) me now. Suppose he (ask) me for the money tomorrow
14. If only he (tell) you the whole story!
15. It’s high time you (have) a haircut
16. I feel as if my head (be) on fire
17. He said he wished he (never see) me
18. You look as if you (can) do with a drink
19. I’d rather you (give) me a new one instead of having it repaired as you did
20. My wife says she wishes I (be) a thousand miles away; indeed, I wish I (be)
21. If only I (know) earlier, I’d have sent you a telegram
22. I felt as if I (be pulled) through a hedge backwards
23. I wish I (not break) it
24. He came in, looking as if he (see) a ghost
25. Isn’t it about time you (set to) and (do) some work?
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