RELATIVE CLAUSE
COMMENT
1. In the S pattern, the wh-word is the subject of the following verb.
In the O pattern,
the wh-word
is an object
S. that sees
Mary
SUBJECT
O. that Mary
sees
OBJECT
2. In both patterns the verb (or auxiliary) comes
immediately after the subject.
S. that sees Mary
SUBJECT VERB
O. that Mary sees
SUBJECT VERB
S. that can see
Mary
SUBJECT AUX.
O. that Mary can see
SUBJECT AUX
3. Relative clauses always have the SUBJECT – VERB (or
SUBJECT – AUXILIARY) word order,
even in questions:
S. Are you pointing to the student that sees
Mary?
SUBJECT VERB
O.
Are you pointing to the man that Mary
sees?
SUBJECT
VERB
NOTES:
(1) Who and whom are used for person.
Which is
used for things and animals.
That
is used for persons, things, and animals.
(2) In Pattern S, that is more common for things and animals
than which is. Both who and that are
very
common for
persons. However, sometimes who is preferred.
(3) In Pattern O, the relative pronoun may be omitted
entirely.
I’m
pointing to the student that Mary sees.
I’m pointing to the
student Mary sees.
In clauses of this type, the that
form or the omission is generally preferable to who, whom or which.
(4) Whom can be used in Pattern O only. Whom is
used in formal writing and speeches.
Mr.
Miller is the teacher whom Mary sees.
Exercise 1: Form a new statement which contains a relative
clause.
S. I saw the man
The man helped us I SAW THE MAN THAT
HELPED US
O. I saw the man
We helped the man I SAW THE
MAN THAT WE HELPED
S. We ate the cake
It was on the
table WE ATE THE
CAKE THAT WAS ON THE TABLE
O. We ate the cake
Mary baked it WE
ATE THE CAKE THAT MARY BAKED
01. S. I will read the book. The book describes New York.
O. I will read
the book. John described the book.
02. S. This is the homework. It is from Lesson 16.
O. This is the
homework. We did it yesterday.
03. S. I saw the man.
The man wrote the book.
O. I saw the
man. John described the man.
04. S. This is the
building. The building belongs to the city.
O. This is the
building. We like the building.
05. S. Those men are the teachers. They talked to us
O. Those men are
the teachers. We talked to them
06. S. She read the book. The book tells about Lincoln.
O. She read the
book. John told her about the book.
07. S. That is the pen. It was on the president’s desk.
O. That is the
pen. The president writes with it.
08. S. That is the man. He waited for us yesterday.
O. That is the
man. We waited for him yesterday.
09. S. That is the painting. It was on the wall yesterday.
O. That is the
painting. We looked at it yesterday.
10. S. Mr. Miller is the man. The man spoke to John.
O. Mr. Miller is
the man. Mary spoke to the man.
Exercise 2: Answer the questions include the information
from statement in your answer..
S. The book describes California.
Did you read the book?
YES, I READ
THE BOOK THAT DESCRIBES CALIFORNIA.
O. Mr. Miller described the book. Did you read the book?
YES,
I READ THE BOOK THAT MR. MILLER DESCRIBED.
(NO,
I DIDN’T READ THE BOOK THAT MR. MILLER
DESCRIBED.)
01. S. The man wrote the book. Did you see the man?
O. John
described the man. Did you see the man?
02. S. A car stopped at your house. Did you see the car?
O. John bought a
car. Did you see the car?
03. S. A boy spoke to John. Do you know the boy?
O. Mr. Miller
spoke to the boy. Do you know the boy?
04. S. The book tells about New York. Did you read the book?
O. John told you
about the book. Did you read the book?
05. S. An architect owns this building. Did you find him?
O. Mrs. Miller recommended
an architect. Did you find him?
06. S. The girl speaks French. Did you meet her?
O. John talked
to the girl. Did you meet her?
NOTE: In the preceding exercise, the relative clauses
modified the object in every case. However, relative clauses may be used to
modify noun phrases in other positions also. In the following examples, the
relative clauses modify subject noun phrases.
Pattern S:
THE
MAN gave me a map
+ THE
MAN drove the bus.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
= The man who drove the bus gave me a map
Pattern O:
THE
MAN gave me a map
+ I was talking to THE MAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
= The man I was talking to gave me a
map
Exercise 3: Form a new statement that contains a relative
clause. Put the information of the first statement inside the second one.
PATTERN S:
The man was here yesterday. He
is in New York
now.
THE
MAN THAT WAS HERE YESTERDAY IS IN NEW
YORK NOW
The doctor came yesterday. He saw Mr. Miller.
THE
DOCTOR THAT CAME YESTERDAY SAW MR. MILLER
01. The man wrote the letter. He will talk to you tomorrow.
02. The student wrote the poem. He is from Panama.
03. The book fell down. It is a grammar book.
04. The person called on the telephone. He asked for Mr.
Olsen.
05. The man sold the car. He is Mr. Smith.
06. The doctor gave the prescription. He is my brother.
PATTERN O: Put the information of the first statement inside
the second one.
The man. Mary talked to the man. He is in New York now.
THE
MAN THAT MARY TALKED TO IS IN NEW
YORK NOW
The book. John bought the book. It is not very expensive.
THE
BOOK THAT JOHN BOUGHT IS NOT V
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